A single two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms with incredible tensile strength and electrical conductivity. Hydrocarbons Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.
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A type of covalent bond where both shared electrons come from the same atom (e.g., Ammonium ion, NH4+cap N cap H sub 4 raised to the positive power Important Chemical Reactions
Heating natural rubber with Sulfur to improve its strength and elasticity. Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2 ), Methane ( CH4cap C cap H sub 4 ), Nitrous Oxide ( N2Ocap N sub 2 cap O ), Water Vapor, and Ozone ( O3cap O sub 3
Caused by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigeration and aerosol sprays. The depletion allows harmful UV rays to reach the earth. Water and Hardness chemistry notes ssc
Hardest natural substance known. Three-dimensional tetrahedral structure. Bad conductor of electricity.
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Aloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal. Copper ( ) + Zinc ( Bronze: Copper ( Stainless Steel: Iron ( ) + Chromium ( ) + Nickel ( ) + Carbon ( Solder: Lead ( ) (Used for welding electronic wires) Duralumin: Aluminum ( ) + Copper ( ) + Magnesium ( ) + Manganese ( ) (Used in aircraft manufacturing) German Silver: Copper ( ) + Zinc ( ) + Nickel ( ) (Note: It contains zero silver!) 6. Chemistry in Everyday Life
SSC loves questions about alloy composition. Remember: An alloy is a homogeneous mixture. A single two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms with
Devised by , it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14. is Neutral (Pure water). is Acidic. is Basic/Alkaline. Common Organic Acids in Food Acid Present Acetic Acid Lemon / Orange Citric Acid Oxalic Acid Sour Milk / Curd Lactic Acid Tamarind / Grapes Tartaric Acid Ant Sting / Bee Sting Methanoic (Formic) Acid Malic Acid 6. Metals, Non-Metals, and Metallurgy
Atoms of different elements with the same mass number but different atomic numbers (e.g., Argon and Calcium, both having a mass number of 40).
Types of bonds, Oxidation/Reduction.
The Modern Periodic Table is based on atomic numbers (Moseley). A type of covalent bond where both shared
Comprehensive Chemistry Notes for SSC Exams (2026 Edition) Chemistry is a core subject in the SSC (Staff Selection Commission) exams, featuring prominently in the General Science section. With a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts, you can secure high marks in this segment. These notes are curated for exams like , covering all essential topics for the 2026 cycle. 1. Important Topics for SSC Chemistry
Formed by neutralization reactions (Acid + Base → Salt + Water). pH Scale: Developed by Sorensen; ranges from 0 to 14. 5. Metals and Non-Metals Metals: Malleable, ductile, and good conductors. Mercury is the only metal liquid at room temperature. Non-Metals: Brittle and poor conductors. Bromine is the only non-metal liquid at room temperature. Graphite (Carbon) is a non-metal that conducts electricity. Alloys: Brass: Copper + Zinc Bronze: Copper + Tin Steel: Iron + Carbon Stainless Steel: Iron + Chromium + Nickel 6. Carbon and Its Compounds
Measures acidity/alkalinity (0-14). 7 is neutral (water). Important Compounds: Baking Soda: NaHCO3NaHCO sub 3 (Sodium Bicarbonate). Washing Soda: (Sodium Carbonate). Bleaching Powder: CaOCl2CaOCl sub 2 E. Metals, Non-Metals, and Ores Metals: Good conductors, malleable, ductile. Aluminium: Extracted from Bauxite. Iron: Extracted from Hematite ( Alloys: Mixture of metals (or metal + non-metal). Stainless Steel: Iron + Chromium + Nickel. Brass: Copper + Zinc. Bronze: Copper + Tin. F. Organic Chemistry & Everyday Chemistry
Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (e.g., Protium, Deuterium, Tritium).
The tendency to attract electrons. Increases across a period and decreases down a group. Fluorine is the most electronegative element. Noble Gases: Group 18 elements (