Identifies the subnet itself. All host bits are set to
Browning created this book after teaching subnetting to thousands of students from all over the world, both in classrooms and via online training. It’s an update to his earlier work, Subnetting Secrets , which was first written in 2006.
We need to borrow host bits and turn them into network bits. Use the formula: , where n is the bits borrowed. 2¹ = 2 (Too small) 2² = 4 (Perfect)We need to borrow . Step 3: Determine the New Mask Original CIDR was /24. We borrowed 2 bits.New CIDR: New Subnet Mask: (Because 128 + 64 = 192 in the last octet). Step 4: Determine the Block Size (Magic Number)
A router determines the boundary between the Network ID and Host ID by using a .
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The "Magic Number" tells you exactly how large each subnet block is. It prevents you from having to do binary math.
Before jumping into the math, you must understand we subnet.
If a bit in the mask is , the corresponding bit in the IP is part of the Host . Example: Network: Host: 50 3. Binary Math for Subnetting (The "Guru" Shortcut)
To calculate how many usable IP addresses are available for devices within a subnet, use: Identifies the subnet itself
Before modern classless subnetting emerged, the internet was divided into rigid, unyielding IP address classes. While classful routing is obsolete, you must understand it because modern subnetting builds directly upon these default boundaries. First Octet Range Default Subnet Mask Purpose / Use Case Massive enterprises ( million hosts/net) Class B Medium/large networks ( hosts/net) Class C Small local networks ( hosts/net) Class D Multicast traffic (no host assignments) Class E Experimental and scientific research
While the complete book is available for purchase in print and on Kindle, the author has made an incredibly generous move for learners: the website has the same content for free. This means you can access the full educational material without spending a dime.
You have been given the block 172.16.0.0/24 . You must allocate addresses for: 110 hosts Development: 50 hosts Management: 20 hosts WAN Link: 2 hosts (Router-to-Router connection) Step 1: Allocate for Production (110 Hosts) . We need 7 host bits. Remaining network bits: . CIDR is /25 . Subnet mask: 255.255.255.128 . Magic Number: Allocation: 172.16.0.0/25 (Range: .0 to .127 ) Step 2: Allocate for Development (50 Hosts) Next available starting IP: 172.16.0.128 . . We need 6 host bits. Remaining network bits: . CIDR is /26 . Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 . Magic Number: Allocation: 172.16.0.128/26 (Range: .128 to .191 ) Step 3: Allocate for Management (20 Hosts) Next available starting IP: 172.16.0.192 . . We need 5 host bits. Remaining network bits: . CIDR is /27 . Subnet mask: 255.255.255.224 . Magic Number: Allocation: 172.16.0.192/27 (Range: .192 to .223 ) Step 4: Allocate for WAN Link (2 Hosts) Next available starting IP: 172.16.0.224 . . We need 2 host bits. Remaining network bits: . CIDR is /30 . Subnet mask: 255.255.255.252 . Magic Number: Allocation: 172.16.0.224/30 (Range: .224 to .227 ) Final VLSM Deployment Table Department Network ID Subnet Mask Usable Range Production 172.16.0.0/25 255.255.255.128 172.16.0.1 - 172.16.0.126 172.16.0.127 Development 172.16.0.128/26 255.255.255.192 172.16.0.129 - 172.16.0.190 172.16.0.191 Management 172.16.0.192/27 255.255.255.224 172.16.0.193 - 172.16.0.222 172.16.0.223 WAN Link 172.16.0.224/30 255.255.255.252 172.16.0.225 - 172.16.0.226 172.16.0.227 6. Real-World Subnetting Cheat Sheet
The good news is that the knowledge contained within Browning's book and many other high-quality resources is widely available. You have excellent options, from the official paid book to completely free tutorials. We need to borrow host bits and turn them into network bits
Paul Browning, the author, has a fascinating background. He worked in the police in the UK for 12 years before leaving for a career in IT. In 2002 he started his first IT company, and by 2004, he had launched a membership website for IT certifications that quickly became an industry-leading resource. He has since published over 20 Amazon best-selling books on IT and marketing and now manages his membership websites and writes for a living.
To help you master IP subnetting, we've compiled a list of PDF resources that cover the topic from beginner to advanced levels:
The book's description hits on the core challenges learners face:
In the real world, different departments require different sizes of networks. Giving a department with 5 computers a /26 subnet (62 usable hosts) wastes 57 IP addresses. allows you to design subnets with varying masks to maximize efficiency.